Security Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Security Service - Essay Example The next, MI6 is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the country is protected from external aggression and is constituted by the Intelligence service; this also undertakes overseas espionage as well as ensuring that the country has no spies. The security service as seen is the present body is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the security of the UK citizens. The formation of which is the subject of this study is highly associated with apparent and not actual threat to the people of this great Kingdom. (Andrew 1987) Political thinkers, social scholars and philosophers have argued that the need for a security body is not because there exists a situation but because there is need to handle a likely situation. The possibility of a likely situation is what brings in the element of imagination. To further support this, the human nature is naturally characterised by anxiety and pursuit of the future. Because the future is not certain, there is need to make some kind of projections which are greatly based on the current situations. (Knighteley 1986) These projections are the bases of future preparations or measures where an individual makes required adjustments to eliminate the chances of surprise or simply to help increase chances of preparedness. This is the foundations of the security service where the government officers sought to ensure that the country was prepared for the unforeseen circumstances in the future. The way to prepare was on the bases of the situations that the country faced at the time and which showed a tendency to recur in the future. (Knighteley 1986) This activity had characterised the world in a way that it seemed an unsafe world as nations sought to prove their superiority and military prowess by conquering other nations. It should be noted that this was not necessarily a threat on the United Kingdom but a global trend which did not suggest a continuation of the same. However, anticipation and need for preparedness forced the nation governance to devise a way to react to these situations when the time came. (Andrew 1987) This was more imaginary than actual as it was an anticipated situation and not the real matter affecting the nation at the time. Therefore, when we also talk of imaginary, it is important to indicate it is informed in the imagination and not a dream from thin air that is conceptualised and converted into an institution such as the Security Service. The following is the information one gathers as you review the past information that led to the formation of the Security Service. (Knighteley 1986) First, there was a triggering measure that was not necessarily in action on the country but was a situation that happened around the country which was viewed to either cause similar effects on the United Kingdom or drag the nation into these struggles. Though history indicates that the United Kingdom was among the nations that participated in these early struggles of power, it was not until the middle 18th century that it became a considerable force. (Knighteley 1986) Earlier on, countries such as Portugal had considerable might and had dominated overtime. Therefore, it is not proper to think of Britain at the time as a force due to the fact that was pointed out earlier. The presence of the triggering factor led the countries into preparing for future similar situations in

Congestive Heart Failure Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Congestive Heart Failure - Case Study Example The heart failure is divided into systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction. The ejection fraction, the fraction of blood that is pumped out by the contracting heart at the time of systole, determines the type of heart failure an individual is suffering from. Congestive heart failure is characterized by shortness of breath which increases from exertion. Other symptoms include peripheral edema which is caused by fluid retention in the legs. As in the case-study, CHF is associated with hypertension, which is one of the causes for heart failure caused by excessive stretching of the heart muscles. Apart from the clinical presentation of dyspnea, the patient also has 8 pound weight gain, which points out to another etiological factor of obesity which results in the causation of CHF. With the increase in weight, the workload of heart increases and hence the heart muscles weaken leading to CHF. It can also be a factor in exacerbation of CHF (Roberts 2009). The patient also complains of chest pain and is prescribed nitroglycerine ointment, Darvocet and Ibuprofen for her chest pain. Angina pectoris is described as chest pain caused by ischemia of the myocardium. The angina pectoris is associated with several risk factors which include family history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, old age and hyperlipidemia. As evident from the patient’s history, she has associated complaints of hypertension and also an increased amount of weight for which she is being given a lipid lowering agent, Zocar 50mg once a day. The pain or discomfort is experienced retrosternal which extends to the shoulders, arms and jaws as well. The triggering factors might include emotional stress, exertion, post-meal or excessive cold (Griffin & Topol 2009). Hypertension is another complaint and she is being given Minipres and Calan once a day for lowering her blood pressure. Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for heart failure and is defined as a systolic and diastolic blood pres sure of 140/90 or greater than that. A complete history about patient’s lifestyle and daily habits will help in evaluating the etiology of hypertension (Toth & Cannon 2010). Atrial fibrillation is the fourth pathology evident from the patient’s case study. It results in tachyarrhythmia which presents as palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Less commonly the patients will manifest with chest pain or pulmonary edema. Its association with congestive heart failure, advanced age and hypertension can be explained by the reduced atrial contractions which result in atrial myolysis and defective calcium channels leading to abnormal sympathetic innervations at a cellular level (Griffin & Topol 2009). Digoxin is the most widely used cardiac glycoside for the treatment of heart failure. It promotes heart contractility and also regulates the calcium concentrations in the cytosol. With the action of Digoxin, the heart pumps blood with more force, almost resembling that of the normal heart. However, an important adverse effect includes hypokalemia which may lead to digitalis toxicity. Therefore, the patients are also prescribed potassium supplementation along with digoxin. Furosemide is a loop diuretic which increases the urine output and hence reduces the excessive water